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INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, 



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ORGANTZATTOX AND PROGRESS 



ENTERPRISE 



NEW-YORK: 
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^ssoriatiatt (or tlje fe|il)itian 



mDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, 



IN REGARD TO THE 



^ / OEGANIZATION AND PROGKESS 



ENTERPRISE. 



NEW-YOEK: 
CARR & HICKS, STATIONERS AND PRINTERS, 31 MAIDEN LANE. 

18 5 3. 



STATEMENT 



This pamplilet is publislied under tlie dii'ection of the 
Association wliicli is prej)aring tlie Industrial ExHLi- 
tion, to take place in the city of New-York, in the 
spring of the year 1853 ; and is drawn up for the 
purpose of preserving and communicating to all parties 
interested in the enterj)rise, a detailed account of the 
origin, purposes, organization and progress of the en- 
terprise, up to this time. 

The undertaking is still far from its completion. The 
Directors are perfectly aware how much severe labor 
yet remains before their task is performed. They are 
especially desirous to avoid all boasting and vain-glo- 
rious language, but it seems not too much to affirm 
that their ultimate success is now certain. It is con- 
venient for the Association to have, in a condensed 
form, a narrative of all that has been hitherto done ; 
and it appears due to those public-spirited persons who 
have lent their aid to the enterprise in its infancy, to 
preserve a record of theii' co-operation. 

The brilliant success of the London Exhibition 
turned the minds of the industrial world to the propri- 
ety and expediency of repetitions of that effort in dif- 
ferent parts of Europe. Thus, steps have been taken to 



organize one in Dublin for the next year ; and pre- 
parations are making for one on a very extensive scale 
in Paris in tlie year 1854. 

It was natural that those citizens of the United 
States who were in London in 1851, who witnessed 
the triumphs that our people achieved during that year, 
and who also saw the peculiarly popular character of 
expositions of this kind, and their beneficial tendencies 
in regard to the working classes, should early have en- 
tertained the idea of repeating the Exhibition on this 
side of the water. Accordingly, shortly after the close 
of the London Fair, steps were taken for the purpose. 

It was manifest, however, on its face, that the enter- 
prise was one of great magnitude, and calculated se- 
verely to tax the energies of all who embarked in it. 
The form of our political system, and the constitu- 
tional restrictions imposed on our State and Federal ac- 
tion, rendered it im23ossible that the affair should be, as 
it was in England, taken up and carried on by Govern- 
ment ; and it therefore became necessary to rely upon 
individual enterprise and activity. But it was plain 
that no amount of vigor, nor any sum of money, would 
effect the object, unless the affair was so managed as 
not to subject it to the jealousy which a private enter- 
prise is liable to encounter. It was necessary to in- 
spire entire confidence as to the liberal objects of the 
managers ; to satisfy the people of our own country 
that no sordid motive was the incitement to the 
scheme, and that it would be conducted so as truly to 
subserve the general interests of Industry ; while it was 
equally necessary to create in foreign countries a confi- 



dence that no local prejudice and no j^ersonal interest 
would warp the undertaking from its true aims. To 
any one at all familiar with the multitudinous currents 
of opinion in our own country, the inumerable conflict- 
ing interests of trade and of locality, the great difficulty 
of the enterprise will be at once apparent ; but when to 
these are added the obstacles arising from international 
rivalry, distance, difference of language, and the as yet 
imperfect intercourse of the most highly civilized coun- 
tries of the world, it will not be considered surprising 
that the managers of the enterprise thought it indis- 
pensable to secure all the aid that could properly be 
asked, from the public authorities. 

In regard to the locality of the Exhibition, if the ob- 
ject had been to make a representation of American 
Industry only, it might have been considered expedient 
to select some one of the great manufacturing centres, as 
Boston and Philadelphia; but a display of European 
products being a necessary part of the scheme, it seemed 
indispensable to choose New- York ; all the consider- 
ations which give that city its commercial pre-emi- 
nence as the chief entrepot of European goods and the 
principal financial centre of the Union, tended to this 
result. 

New- York, therefore, was selected, and on the 3d of 
January, 1852, the municipal authorities of that city, 
perceiving the benefits that must flow from the enter- 
prise, if properly conducted, not only to the commerce 
and prosperity of the city, but to the cause of popular 
instruction and healthful entertainment, granted a lease 
of Reservoir Square for the object for five years, upon 



two conditious : one that the biiikliug shoiihl be con- 
structed of iron and ghiss, and the other, inspired by a 
proper regard for the interests of the public, that no 
single entrance-fee should exceed fifty cents. 

The Legislature was then applied to, and that body, 
on the lltli of March, granted a Charter of Incorpo- 
ration to the Association for the Exhibition of thk 
Industry of all Nations. 

The principal provisions of the Act were as follows : 

The Association was incorporated with a capital of 
two hundred thousand dollars, leave being given to raise 
the sum to three hundred thousand dollars. 

The Directors were authorized to occupy any real 
estate that might be granted them, and thereon to 
erect a building for the purpose of the Exhibition of 
the Industry of all Nations. They were further em- 
powered to award Prizes, and to do every thing neces- 
sary to carry out the general object. 

It is not however to be supposed that these steps 
vv'ere taken with as much ease as they are here related. 
On the contrary, as was indeed to be expected, some- 
what both of indifference and of hostility was at the 
outset manifested. 

The charter, in particular, was not obtained without 
contest, and the managers of the enter j)rise found here 
something of the opposition that they were aware they 
must encounter. It was urged that the enterprise was 
hostile to the interests of Domestic Industry ; and find- 
ing that this suggestion met with little favor, technical 
difficulties founded on the terms of the Constitution of 
the State were sought to be interposed. But if the 



friends of tlie enterprise encountered opposition, tliey 
also fomid a cordial suj^port and efficient aid, wliicli 
satisfied them of the ultimate popularity of the under- 
taking, and the charter was passed in a space of time 
far more than usually short.* 

On the 17th of March, the Board of Directors met, 
and organized by the election of Theodore Sedgwick, 
Esq., President, and Willia]\i Whetten, Esq., as Sec- 
retary ; and the Association immediately published the 
following general statement of the objects of the enter- 
prise : 

Association for the Exhibitiox of the Industry of all Na- 
tions. — A charter having been granted by the Legislature of this State 
fur the purposes of an Industrial Exhibition ; and the Corporation of the 
city having, with great liberality, granted the use of Keservoir Square 
for five years, the parties associated in the enterprise are now prepared to 
invite the cooperation of their fellovi^-citizens. 

In doing this, they think it proper to state, at some length, the mo- 
tives which guide them, and the objects which they hope to attain. 

It is scarcely necessary to say that the idea was suggested by the 
brilliant success that attended the London Exhibition of last year. 

That Exhibition, prompted by enlarged and liberal views, and carried 
out with energy and skill, was crowned with the most triumphant re- 
sults ; and a just pride authorizes us to assert that, in all that vast array 
of the triumphs of genius and industry, no nation gave more striking 
proofs of intellectual capacity and vigor, apphed to the useful arts, than 
were manifested by our own people. 

It was, therefore, a natural suggestion of patriotic and national feel- 
ings, that we should not only wish to see a hke Exhibition in our own 
country, but that we should desire to reproduce in it the beneficial effecis 
that had resulted from its great prototype. 

It is generally acknowledged that the London Exhibition marks an 
era in the progress of the world — an era of which the distinctive charac- 
teristics are the advance of those arts which increase the comforts and 
heighten the delights of life, the spread of amicable relations among 

* The Charter will be found in the Appendix, (A.) 



rival countrie3, and, above all, the elevation of labor to its proper 
dignity. 

The difficulties apparent at the outset of the enterprise have been 
overcome ; the liberality of the English Government has been emulated 
by the respective authorities of our country ; and a correct appreciation 
of the objects of the Association seems to be entertained by those to 
whom they have been communicated ; and we are satisfied, that the 
more generally these objects are made known, the more favorable will 
hi their acceptation by our fellow-citizens, whose sagacity can foresee, as 
their cooperative energy can achieve, the results at which we aim. 

In an edifice which, of itself, will be a noble monument of skill, wc 
hope to bring together the choicest productions of the Old World's In- 
dustry ; thus not only opening a fair field for the competition of the pro- 
ductive talent of America, but enlarging its scope and multiplying iU 
aims ; and, at the same time, presenting to all classes of the com- 
munity such rare and novel objects of attention as cannot fail to widen 
the sphere of general knowledge. 

It is well known that in London a great portion of the building was 
occupied by objects of but little interest, and that American Industry 
entered into the competition to a very small extent It is believed that 
by a more careful selection of article?, and by a larger introduction of 
our own products, the interest of the Exhibition, in these two essential 
particulars, can be greatly increased. 

In a statement of this kind it is impossible to introduce full details, 
but we may say, in general terms, that we have such assurances, nol 
only from England, but from the principal countries of the Continent, as 
justify us in the expectation of bringing under the eyes of our fellow- 
citizens not only such specimens of the industrial arts as shall generally 
interest the practical American mind, but such rare products of industry 
Hud skill as have never been seen among us. Some of these were 
among the choicest articles of the London Exhibition, and others are 
now being prepared abroad expressly for exhibition here. And, more 
than this, we hope to bring within the reach of ail such wonders of the 
Fine Arts as have hitherto been approached only by those of our coun- 
trymen who have been able to seek them abroad. 

The corporation is authorized by its charter to award prizes among 
the exhibitors; and in discharging this part of their duty the Directors 
will hereafcer invite the cooperation of the most eminent and capable of 
their fellow-citizens. 

If we eflfect our object, we shall not only have imparted a fresh im- 
netus to the career of our great metropolis, but we shall have given an 
impulse to mechanical skill and manufacturing industry ; we shall have 



raised higher the standard of taste ; we shall have extended and dif- 
fused the knowledge of the various families of the Old World ; and, in so 
doing, we shall have strengthened the great bonds of peace and good- 
will." 

The Association is incorporated, by an Act of the Legislature of the 
11th March, 1852, for the terra of five yeare. 

The capital of the Company is §200,000, to be divided into shares of 
SlOO each, and may be increased by the Directors to $300,000. 

The price of admission to the Exhibition is limited to fifty cents, and 
the cost of the building is restricted by the charter to $200,000, 

The Act of Incorporation provides that, for one day at least, the 
children and scholai-s of the schools of the Public School Society, of the 
Ward Schools, and of the Free Academy, of the Deaf and Dumb and 
Blind Institutions, and of the Orphan Asylums in the City of New- 
York, shall be admitted free of charge. 

It also provides, that the net proceeds of one day's exhibition shall 
be appropriated and paid over to the Treasurers of the Fire Department 
Funil, for the benefit of Widows and Orphans of deceased Firemen in the 
cities of New- York and Brooklyn, and divided between them in the 
proportions of three-fourlhs to the former and one-fourth to the latter. 

Theodore Sedgwick, President. 
Wm. Whetten, Secretary. 



This was accompanied by tlie following call for sub- 
scriptions to tbe stock : 

Association for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations. — 
Capital $200,000, with liberty to increase it to $300,000. 

This Institution being organized under a Charter granted by the 
Legislature of the State of New- York, the Company is now ready to 
receive Subscriptions to the Stock. The Books will be opened at the 
office of Messrs. Duncan, Sherman & Co., of 48 William street. Bank- 
ers to this Company, from and after Friday, the second day of April, 
1852. 

Ten per cent, on the ajiount of subscriptions to be paid at the time of 
subscribing. No subscription to exceed Five Thousand Dollars. 

Theodore Sedgwick, President. 
Wm, Whetten, Secretary. 



10 

The stock was gradually subscribecl. Tliere was not, 
at this time, any great eagerness manifested by our 
moneyed classes generally in regard to it, and in tlie 
commercial quarter perliaps not mucli confidence felt 
in tlie result. This was, in fact, an advantage, as it 
enabled the Directors easily to carry out the design 
declared as above, of dividing tlie stock and dis- 
tributing it into many bands; and the result has 
been that the capital was taken by so large a number 
of persons, and the interest so widely extended, tbat 
the obnoxious character of a speculation has been com- 
pletely avoided. The capital of two liundred thousand 
dollars was taken by, and divided between upwards of 
one liundred and fifty persons and firms. 

Tbe next important step was to secure tbe co-opera- 
tion and countenance of tlie Federal Government. It 
was essential in order to obtain extensive support from 
tbe manufacturers of Em'ope tbat their goods should be 
admitted duty free. The proper Department of the 
Government of the United States treated the matter 
with cordial liberality ; and on the 24th day of May, 
Mr. Maxwell, Collector of the Port of New- York, 
made a written communication to the President of the 
Association, stating that the building, when erected, 
would be made a bonded warehouse, so as to receive the 
goods free of duty, while on exhibition.'^' 

It now became necessary to organize the Foreign De- 
partment of the enterprise, and in doing this it at 
once appeared indispensable that the aft'airs o^ the 

* Mr. Maxwell's letter will be found in the Appendix, (B.) 



11 

Association in Europe slionld, for tlie sake of order, 
be conducted by some one competent Agent. The 
Association felt that tbis was a most important trust, 
and one involving tbe greatest responsi"Sility. To en- 
gage at once tbe co-operation of tbe producing classes, 
and to secm-e tbe confidence and support of tbe Euro- 
pean governments, required talents, knowledge and 
experience, botb of a commercial and a diplomatic char- 
acter, and it seemed difficult to find any one person 
combining tbe requisite capacity. Tbe Directors, 
however, succeeded altogether beyond their expecta- 
tion, and engaged Mr. Chaeles Buschek, of London, 
whose experience as Commissioner of tbe Austrian De- 
partment at the London Exhibition of 1851, high 
character, long commercial life, and excellent social 
position, pointed him out as eminently fitted for the 
place. Arrangements were thereupon entered into by 
which Mr. Buschek was authorized to secure the co- 
operation of the manufacturers of Euro]3e. The ap- 
pointment of Mr. Buschek was made on the 25th of 
June. 

As soon as this was effected, the Association turned 
their attention to the organization of the staff of Archi- 
tects and Engineers, to whom the construction of tbe 
building was to be confided ; and very shortly after, Mr. 
C. E. Detmold was appointed Superintending Architect 
and Engineer; Mr. Horatio Alleit, Consulting Engi- 
neer ; and Mr. Edmuitd Hueet, Consultiug Architect. 

The plans of the Directors had by this time ob- 
tained sufficient development to render it certain that 
tbe objects of the Association would be accomplished, 



12 

and on the 12th of July the following circular Wi« 
issued : 

Office of the Association for the Exhibition of the Industry | 
OF ALL Nations, New-York, Juiy 12ih, 1S52. [ 

The Association for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Na- 
tions give notice, that the Exhibition will be opened, in the City of New- 
York, on the 2d day of May, 1853. 

The Municipal Authorities have granted to them the use of Reservoir 
Square, and they are proceeding to erect thereon a building worthy of 
the purpose to which it is to be devoted. 

The Association desire to make the Exhibition, in ftict as well as in 
name, a Piepresentation from other countries as well as their own, of Raw 
Materials and Produce, Manufactures, Machinery, and Fine Arts. 

To this end, they have made arrangements with Charles Busciiek, 
Esquire, late Commissioner of the Austrian Empire at the Industrial 
Exhibition of London, whose skill, experience and high character offer 
the most satisfactory security to Contributors from abroad. 

Mr. Buschek is the authorized Agent of this Association, for all coun- 
tries other than the Continent of America, and as such has received its 
instructions. 

All communications from Contributors abroad must be addressed to him 
at " The Office of the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations in New- 
York," No. 6 Charing Cross, London. He will state to them the nature 
of the powers given and authority conferred, and will also explain the 
great inducements oftered by this enterprise to European Exhibitors. 

This Association will correspond with all persons in the United States, 
the Canadas and British Provinces, the West Indies, and this Continent 
generally, who may desire to contribute to this Exhibition. 

All such communications must be addressed to " The Secretary of the 
Association for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, New- 
York:' 

The Association is now ready to receive applications, and it is desired 
that they be sent in immediately. Due notice will be given, hereafter, 
when the building will be ready for the reception of articles. 

Application for the admission of Objects to the Exhibition must 
represent intelligibly their nature and purpose, and must also state 
distinctly the number of Square Feet, whether of Wall, Floor or Counter, 
required. 

Machinery will be exhibited in motion — the Motive Power to be fur- 
nished by the Association — and applications for the admission of Ma- 



13 

chinery, to be so exhibited, in addition to the general description and 
the requisition for space, must set forth the amount of Motive Power 
required. 

The Association deem it proper to announce, that Paintings in Frames 
will be exhibited. 

As, notwithstanding the magnitude of the proposed building, there 
must, necessarily, be a limitation of space, the Association reserves the 
right to modify or reject applications, but, in so doing, will be governed 
by strict impartiality, looking only to the general objects of the enterprise. 

The Association also reserves the right of determining the length of 
time, not to exceed in any case on« season, during which objects shall, 
severally, form part of the Exhibition. 

Exhibitors are requested to desig-nate an agent, to whom their contri- 
butions shall be delivered when withdrawn from the Exhibition. 

Prizes for excellence in the various departments of the Exhibition, will 
be awarded under the direction of Capable and Eminent Persons. 

With this statement the Directors solicit the co-operation of the Pro- 
ductive Intellect and Industry of their own and other countries. 

Theodore Sedgwick, President. 

Wm. Whetten, Secretary. 



Tlie issuing of this circular furnished a good oppor- 
tunity to test the disposition of the Old World to take 
part in the undertaking. It was at once communicated 
to the Foreign Ministers at Washington and the Con- 
suls at New-York ; and the replies of the representatives 
of some of the principal Powers of Europe are sub- 
joined, as showing the cordial interest manifested in the 
enterprise from the outset. 

The leading Foreign Papers also manifested a cordial 
desire to forward the objects of the undertaking. The 
Handels-Zeitung^ the AhendrZeitung., and other Ger- 
man papers, the Goiirrier des Mats Unis and the Mco 
d'^Italia.^ were prominent in lending their services to 
the cause. 



14 



(Translation.) 

French Legation at "WASinxcTON, ) 
Newport, July 30, 1852. j 

Sir : — I was absent from "Washington when the letter which you did 
me the honor to address to me on the IGth inst. arrived. I found it at 
Newport, and hasten to acknowledge receipt thereof. I feel the impor- 
tance which the commerce of every nation ought to attach to being 
properly represented at the World's Fair, which is to take place next 
year at New- York ; and in this sense I have written to my government, 
inclosing the circular which you addressed to me. 

The enlightened Government of the Prince-President will not fail to 
appreciate, in a proper manner, the results of this universal exhibition that 
may be expected to benefit the commerce of the world. I do not doubt 
that my government will afford hearty support to this vast enterprise to 
which you are devoting your care. Keceive, Sir, the assurance of my most 
distinguished sentiments. (Signed,) Sartiges. 

To Theodore Sedgwick, Esq. 

[Copy.) 

Prussian Legation at Washington, ) 
July 26, 1852. j 

Sir : — I was favored with your letter of the 16th inst., inclosing several 
copies of the circular published by the Association for the Exhibition of 
the Lidustry of all Nations, which will take place at New- York, in May, 
1853. I have called the attention of my government to this interesting 
subject, and have no doubt that the industry of Prussia will be duly 
represented at that Exhibition. I have the honor to be. Sir, respectfully, 
your obedient servant, (Signed,) F. V. Gerolt. 

Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., President of the Association for the Exhibi- 
tion of the Industry of all Nations, at New-York. 

(Translation.) 

Belgian Legation at Washington, ) 
Georgetown, July 24, 1852. j 

Sir : — ^I will hasten to make known to the government of the King the 
Universal Exhibition which is preparing at New-York for next year. You 
may rest assured. Sir, that measures will be taken Avithout delay in Bel- 
gium, that our industry may be represented in your Crystal Palace in 
such a manner as to secure the attention of the American people. As I 
still think of going to Europe before winter, I shall have the honor. Sir, to 
see you on my passing through New- York, and shall be delighted if I can 



15 

be of any service to you during my stay in Belgium. Receive, Sir, the 
assurance of my most distinguished consideration. 

(Signed,) De Bosch Spencee. 

Tpieodore Sedgwick, Esq., New- York. 



(Copy.) 

Imperial Austrian Consulate, 
New- York, July 22, 1852. 

Sir : — In due possession of your esteemed fevor of the 13th inst., by 
which you desire that the subject of your circular of the 12th inst. might 
be brought to the notice of the Imperial Government, the Austrian Con- 
sul General begs most respectfully to inform you, that he has forwarded 
several copies of that circular to his Excellency the Minister of Commerce, 
at Vienna, accompanied by such remarks as the high importance of the 
subject demands. If the Austrian Consul General is to judge by the 
lively interest taken in the London Exhibition, by the Austrian manufac- 
turers and artists, and their great desire to participate in the trade of the 
United States, as it manifests itself at every opportunity, he would venture 
to say that their contributions to the New- York Fair will be very con- 
siderable, and of a character representing the state of manufactures of the 
country, as well as the fine arts. There is but little doubt, that the ten- 
dency of the New- York Exhibition, towards an important improvement in 
the commerce and trade between Europe and the United States, will be 
greatly appreciated by pubhc men on the other side of the Atlantic, and 
that, in a purely practical point of view, it will be acknowledged to pre- 
sent facilities for the introduction of new articles of merchandise, which 
could not possibly be attained by any other means. Your undertaking, 
therefore, enlists of itself the attention of those men whose duty it is to 
facilitate the development of the national resources of the country, over 
whose aflfairs they preside ; and it invites the enterprising man of business 
to exertions in your support, which promise to produce considerable moral 
and pecuniary advantages to himself. The Austrian Consul General, in 
expressing his conviction that your entei'prise will meet the most satisfac- 
tory reception on the part of the Austrian manufacturers, has the honor 
to subscribe himself, Your very obedient servant, 

(Signed,) August Belmont. 

Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., President of the Association for the Exhibi- 
tion of the Industry of all Nations. 



16 



Her Britan'nxc Majesty's Consulate, 



^TE, ) 

New-York, July 14, 1852. ) 
Sir : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 
13th inst., acconipanied by some copies of a circular setting forth the 
objects and plan of your Association, which you request me to bring 
before the notice of my government. 

I assure you that I have taken great pleasure in complying with your 
request, by making known to her Majesty's government the propos.id Ex- 
hibition, so creditable to those intelligent and courageous inhabitants of 
this city, who have conceived and undertaken to manage it, and so well 
calculated to advance science and the arts, to promote and improve pro 
ductive industry, to excite amicable rivalry, and to establish niutual good- 
will among the people of all nations. I have transmitted a copy of your 
note, and the copies of the circular witli which you furnished me, to the 
Earl of Malmesbury, her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign 
Aiffairs. I have the honor to be. Sir, your very obedient servant, 

(Signed,) Anth. Barclay. 

Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., President of the Association for the Exhibi- 
tion of the Industry of all Nations, 53 Broadway, New-York. 

An important letter had also been before tliis received 
from the Turkish Ambassador at London, which was as 
follows : 

[Translation.) 

London, June 14, 1852. 
Sir : — Having submitted to the Imperial Government the letter which 
you did me the honor to address to me, under date of 24th of March, I 
have received a dispatch from his Excellency Ali Pacha, Minister of 
Foreign Affairs, in which he announces to me, that the proposition for 
Ottoman industry to participate in the Exhibition which is to take place 
at New- York, has met with the high approbation of his Imperial Majesty 
the Sultan, and that, in consequence, a government steamer will be spe- 
cially destined to convey from thence the products of the empire. In 
communicating to you this imperial determination, I am charged to beg 
you, Sir, to be kind enough to give me detailed information as to the for- 
malities which will have to be complied with, as far as regards the for- 
warding of the products, as well as upon their arrival at New-York, in 
order to avoid, by such preparatory measures, all kind of inconvenience 
that might result from ignorance of the regulations of the Association. 
Accept, Sir, the assurance of my distinguished consideration. 

(Signed,) C. Musurus. 

To Mr. C. BuscuEK, Agent General of the Universal Exhibition at New- 
York. 



17 

In tlie mean time steps had been taken to obtain 
a proper plan for tlie building to be erected. And 
here serious difficulties had presented themselves. 
The matter of iron construction on a large scale was 
and is almost entirely new in this country. No 
edifice entirely of ii'on yet exists in the United States, 
and the want of experience on the part of both 
architects and engineers presented serious obstacles. 
Many ingenious plans were offered. Sir Joseph Paxton, 
with great liberality, furnished one of singular beauty, 
but the peculiar shape of the ground to be occupied 
rendered it impossible to use it. The late lamented 
Mr. Downing — -a name dear to this country — offered 
another of striking ingenuity, but this was also excluded 
by the terms of the grant from the city, which, as has 
been said, peremptorily required that the building 
should be exclusively of iron and glass. Mr. Leopold 
EiDLiTz presented a plan with a suspension roof, intended 
to obviate the difficulty of spannmg great widths by 
arches. Mr. James Bogardtjs submitted one of a circular 
building consisting of successive colonnades, placed one 
over the other, somewhat resembling the Colosseum at 
Rome, and involving a new mode of joining for which 
he has obtained a patent. Mr. Julius W. Adams pre- 
sented one of a great octagonal vault or dome, sup- 
ported by ribs made of fasces or clusters of gas pipe. 
Several other plans were offered, of great beauty and 
originality. The ta*sk of selection was difficult and 
delicate ; the Board, however, after much consultation, 
finally determined on one submitted by Messrs. Car- 
STENSEN and Gildemeistee. Mr. Gildemeister has been 



18 

some time established among ns, and is not only an 
architect, but an artist. Mr. Carstensen is tlie designer 
of the Tivoli and Casino of Copenhagen, the principal 
public grounds of that city, and had at Ihis time re- 
cently arrived here. 

The plan was adopted on the 26th of August, and no 
time was lost in putting the work under way." 

The masonry contracts were signed with Messrs. 
Smith & Stewaet and Mr. Lorenzo Moses, on the 4th 
of September; and on the 25th of the same month the 
principal part of the iron work was contracted for. By 
the masonry contracts, the foundation was to be deliv- 
ered on the 21st of October, and by the iron agreements 
the delivery of castings was to commence at the same 
time. In order to secure uniformity, a pattern shop 
was established in the city of New- York, under the 
charge of Messrs. Shepard & Purvis, and to insure dis- 
patch, the first contracts for the delivery of the iron cast- 
ings were divided among Messrs. Jackson, Still:\ian, 
Allen & Co., Hooa & Delamater, Buckup & Pugh, 
and F. S. Claxton, of New-York ; Slater & Steel, of 
Jersey City ; the Matteawan Company, of Fishkill ; the 
Messrs. Templins, of Easton, Pennsylvania; Beti^, 
PusEY, Jones & Seal, of Wilmington, Delaware ; and 
Miller and Williamson, of iVlbany. 

We shall now go into the details of the site and size 
of the building. Reservoir Square, on which it is erect- 
ed, lies at the northern extremity of the city of New- 
York, west of the Croton Distributing Reservoir, and 
between that mighty mass of stone and the Sixth Ave- 
nue. The precise distance from the Reservoir to the 



19 

Sixtli Avenue is 445 feet, and the widtli, nortli and 
south, from Fortieth to Forty-second street, is 455 feet. 

It will be observed that this piece of ground is nearly 
square. The shape is unfavorable for architectural pur- 
poses. In other respects, no better spot for the purpose 
could be found in the city. The Sixth Avenue Rail- 
road runs directly past it ; the Fourth Avenue Railroad 
runs near it ; and it lies immediately in the vicinity of 
the Fouth, Fifth, a^pi Sixth Avenues, the main thorough- 
fares of that part of the city. 

The main features of the building are as follows : It 
is, with the exception of the floor, entirely constructed 
of iron and glass. The general idea of the edifice is a 
Greek cross, surmounted by a dome at the intersection. 
Each diameter of the cross will be 365 feet 5 inches 
lono'. There will be three similar entrances: one on 
the Sixth Avenue, one on Fortieth, and one on Forty- 
second street. Each entrance will be 47 feet wide, and 
that on the Sixth Avenue will be approached by a flight 
of eight ste]os ; over each front is a large semi-circular 
fan-light, 41 feet wide and 21 feet high, answering to 
the arch of the nave. Each arm of the cross is on the 
ground plan 149 feet broad. This is divided into a 
central nave and two aisles, one on each side ; the nave 
41 feet wide, each aisle 54 feet wide. The central por- 
tion or nave is carried up to the height of 67 feet, and 
the semi-circular arch by which it is sjDanned is 41 feet 
broad. There are thus in effect two arched naves cross- 
ing each other at right angles, 41 feet broad, 67 feet 
high to the crown of the arch, and 365 feet long; and 
on each side of these naves is an aisle 54 feet broad, 



20 

and 45 feet high. The exterior of the ridgeway of the 
nave is 71 feet. Each aisle is covered by a gallery of 
its own width, and 24 feet from the floor. The central 
dome is 100 feet in diameter, 68 feet inside from the 
floor to the spring of the arch, and 118 feet to the 
crown ; and on the outside, with the lantern, 149 feet. 
The exterior angles of the building are ingeniously filled 
up with a triangular lean-to 24 feet high, which gives 
the ground plan an octagonal shape, tfech side or face 
being 149 feet wide. At each angle is an octagonal 
tower 8 feet in diameter, and Y5 feet high. 

Ten large, and eight winding stair-cases connect the 
principal floor with the gallery, which opens on the 
three balconies that are situated over the entrance-halls, 
and afford ample space for flower decorations, statues, 
vases, &c. The ten principal stair-cases consist of two 
flights of steps with two landing places to each ; the 
eight winding stair-cases are j^laced in the octagonal 
towers, which lead also to small balconies on the tops 
of the towers and to the roof of the buildincr. 

o 

The building contains on the ground floor 111,000 
square feet of space, and in its galleries, which are 54 
feet wide, 62,000 square feet more, making a total area 
of 173,000 square feet for the purposes of exhibition. 
There are thus on the ground floor two acres and a half, 
or exactly 2 52-100 ; in the galleries one acre and 
44-100; total, within an inconsiderable fraction, four 
Acres. 

There are on the ground floor 190 octagonal cast-iron 
columns, 21 feet above the floor, and 8 inclies diameter, 
cast hollow, of diflerent thicknesses, from half an inch 



21 

to one inch. These columns receive the cast-iron gird- 
ers. These are 26 1-3 feet long and 3 feet high, and 
serve to sustain the galleries and the wrought-iron con- 
struction of the roof, as well as to brace the whole struc- 
ture in every direction. The girders, as well as the 
second story columns, are fastened to the columns in 
the first story, by connecting pieces of the same octa- 
gonal shape as the columns, 3 feet 4 inches high, having 
proper flanges and lugs to fasten all pieces together by 
bolts. The number of lower floor girders is 252, be- 
sides 12 wroiight-iron girders of the same height, and 
41 feet span over a part of the nave. The second 
story contains 148 columns, of the same shape as those 
below, and IT feet Y inches high. These receive another 
tier of girders, numbering 160, for the support of the 
roofs of the aisles, each nave being covered by 16 cast- 
iron semi-circular arches, each composed of 4 pieces. 

The dome is supported by 24 columns, which go up 
above the second story to a height of 62 feet above 
the floor, and support a combination of wrought-iron 
arches and girders, on which rests a cast-iron bed-plate, 
so constructed as to receive the 32 ribs of the dome. 
The light is communicated to the dome through the lan- 
tern, as well as from the sides, on which 32 escutcheons, 
in colored glass, representing the arms of the Union 
and its several States, or the emblems of the difl:erent 
nations, form a part of the decoration. 

The quantity of iron to be used for the building will 
amount to about 1,250 tons. The roof v/ill cover an 
area of 144,000 square feet. The glass for the building 
will amount to 39,000 square feet, in 9,027 panes^ 16 by 
34- or 38 inches. 



22 

On entering this building, tlie oljserver's eye will be 
greeted by tbe vista of an arched nave, 41 feet wide, 
67 feet high, and 365 feet long; while on approaching 
the centre, he will find himself under a dome 100 feet 
across, and 118 feet high. 

Ifc is certain, therefore, that the edifice will be larger, 
and more efifective in its interior view, than anything in 
the country. 

The general mode of erection by base pieces, col- 
umns, connecting pieces and girders, is the same with 
that of the great Hyde Park building. But the con- 
struction of the arched nave and of the dome is 
of course entirely peculiar, and the general effect of 
the building is completely difterent. The London 
building was certainly deficient in architectural effect. 
The form of the New-York edifice aftbrds the re- 
quisite scope for a pleasing variety of embellishment, 
by which all monotony can be avoided, and allows a 
very economical use of the ground. The dome, inde- 
pendent of its effect in the interior arrangement of the 
edifice, will give height and majesty to the exterior. 

The following are the objects which the architects 
appear to have striven to combine in their plan : 

1. The greatest possible area compatible with the 
ground employed. 

2. Perfect safety and elegance of construction. 

3. A well calculated and pleasing admission of light. 

4. A variety of coup deceit in the interior. 

This building will compare, in point of size, and it is 
thought of beauty, with some of the greatest edifices of 
the old world ; and until the extension of the Capitol at 



23 

Washington is completed, it will be altogether tlie lar- 
gest in this country. It is hoped that it will he a great 
permanent architectural ornament to the city. 

The foreign branch of the undertaking was, as has 
been said, intrusted to Mr. Buschek ; but it seemed to 
the Directors that something: should be done to brino- 
the enterprise prominently before the citizens of the 
British possessions on this continent, and they conse- 
quently, early in September, decided on the appoint- 
ment of Mr. James Whitman as an Agent for the Cana- 
das, Nova Scotia, and New-Brunswick. Mr. Whitman 
immediately entered on the duties of his agency, and 
was received with great cordiality in the cities of 
Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec, the most ready desire 
to co-operate in the enterprise being manifested on all 
hands. Mr. Whitman has visited Newfoundland ; he 
is now in Nova Scotia, and from there he will proceed 
to New-Brunswick. He has displayed great zeal and 
energy in the performance of the duties intrusted to 
him, and there seems good reason to believe that the 
people of the British Provinces will take an active part 
in the Exhibition. 

Having thus secured a corps of competent Engineers 
and a plan of great beauty, having intrusted the con- 
struction of the edifice to competent hands, and having 
also organized the Foreign Department of the enterprise 
on a scale commensurate with the dignity and import- 
ance of the undertaking, the Association turned its 
attention more directly to the business classes of our 
own country ; and in order to impress upon the great 
commercial community how directly their interests were 



24 

identified with those of the Exhibition, they published 
the following circular. It was issued in Euglish, Ger- 
man, French and Spanish, to a large number of im- 
porting houses, and proved of great utility : 

Office of the Association for the Exhibition of the Industry 
OF ALL Nations, 

No. 53 Broadway, New- York, ) 
28th Sept., 1852. ) 

I address you, in behalf of the Association for the Exhibition of the 
Industry of all Nations, for the purpose of securing your co-operation 
in the objects of the enterprise. 

The building on Eeservoir Square is in such a state of forwardness, 
and the iron work is so far advanced, that we are able, with entire con- 
fidence, to repeat to you the assurance already given to the public, that 
the Exhibition will take place in May of the year 1853. 

In order to give our enterprise that publicity in Europe which is e.ssen- 
tial to its success, and at the same time to secure order and uniformity 
in our operations, we have appointed as our sole agent Mr. Charles 
BuscHEK, of No. 6 Charing Cross, London, who has been long domiciled 
in England, and whose experience as one of the Commissioners of the 
great London Exhibition of 1851, as well as his social position, capacity 
and character, furnishes the most ample guarantees that the work intrusted 
to him will be thoroughly done. 

We now address you for the purpose of calling your particular atten- 
tion to the subject, and of inviting your assistance in such manner as 
shall seem most practicable to you after our general objects and wishes 
are stated. 

We have already received from all the authorities in this country, 
whether municipal, state or federal, every aid and encouragement in their 
power to give, and we have been equally fortunate in securing the 
strongest expressions of sympathy and good-will from the principal 
representatives of the European powers. 

We think, therefore, that we have every reason to expect manifestations 
of a similar spirit from gentlemen as intimately familiar as you are with 
the condition and wants of both hemispheres, and to whom the interests 
of neither can be indiflferent. We believe it to be unnecessary to use any 
elaborate arguments to persuade you that an Exhibition of this kind, 
if made what it ought to be, cannot be productive of other than the best 
results to the commerce and peace of the world. We are equally satis- 
fied that your position here must make you wish that it should succeed, 
and that your strong European associations and ties must also render you 
desirous that the industry of the Old World should be fully represented. 



25 

But in addition to ibe general interest wliieli, we have no doubt, as 
active men and spirited citizens, you will feel in the general objects of the 
enterprise, your position gives you a clear inducement to take such steps 
as will give the fullest development to your operations. 

Desirous not to avail ourselves in any undue way of its corporate 
facilities, this Association has from the outset avowed its determination 
to have nothing whatever to do with the sale of articles exhibited; we 
do not intend in the slightest degree to interfere with the legitimate occu- 
pations and interests of either the retail dealers or importers of our city. 

In order that we may know precisely the relative extent of room 
required by European and American Industry, it is essential that all appli- 
cations for space be arranged with Mr. Buschek. And as this Association 
advances the freight and insurance on goods sent from Europe, (to be re- 
funded in case of withdrawal,) it is equally indispensable that, if foreign 
exhibitors wish to avail themselves of this advantage, the time, mode 
and terms of forwarding be also arranged with him. Mr. Buschek is our 
general and sole agent for the purpose of securing the co-operation of 
Em-opean manufacturers, and of settling the necessary details in relation 
thereto ; but the whole matter of consignment and disposition of the 
goods is left, where it belongs, to the regular industry of our citizens ; and 
it is plain that just so far as our enterprise succeeds, just so far the business 
relations of our people will be extended and their interests promoted. 

Having already, in our general circular, requested all exhibitors to name 
an agent for the receipt of their goods when withdrawn from the Exhibi- 
tion, it remains with them of course to select their own consignee. 

We take the liberty of inclosing a copy of our general prospectus, 
which we confirm in all particulars, and which we will furnish you in 
French or in any language that you may desire ; and our immediate 
request is, that you will have the goodness to call the attention of your 
correspondents to the enterprise, and impress on them the importance of 
availing themselves of this opportunity for the exhibition of the products 
of their industry. 

If there is any other mode in which we can have your co-operation, 
we shall be most happy to know it. 

As we are desirous to know how far the views contained in this com- 
munication meet with your concurrence, we shall be greatly obliged by 
the favor of a reply. 

I have the honor to be, 

with great respect, 

your obed't serv't, 

Theodore Sedgwick, PresH, 



26 

This circular was followed by another more particu- 
larly addressed to the producing classes of this coun- 
try. It was of the following tenor : 

Association for the Exhicition of the Industry of all Nations, 

Office, No. 53 Broadway, NEw-YonK, ) 
lllh October, 1852. ) 

I address you, on behalf of the Association for the Exliibition of the 
Industry of all Nations, to invite your co-operation in the general objects 
of the enterprise. 

The building intended for tlie purposes of the Exhibition, constructed 
entirely of iron and glass, will be, it is believed, the largest and most 
beautiful edifice in the country. It covers, on the ground floor, two 
and a half acres, and, with the galleries, the whole space is four acres. 
The mason-work is far advanced, and is to be completed on the 21st 
October. The main part of the iron-work is contracted for, and the 
castings are to be delivered from the loth October to the 15lh December. 
We have it in our power, therefore, to assure you, as we have already 
stated to the public, that the Exhibition will certainly be open on the' 2d 
of May, 1853. 

You are thus offered an unequalled opportunity of exhibiting to the 
vast population of this country such of your productions as you send us, 
free of all charge of every kind whatever from the time that they are 
delivered into our custody until withdrawn. 

The Association has already announced that their objects are limited 
exelusively to Exhibition. They have no interest whatever, direct or in- 
direct, in the final disposition to be made of any article that may be 
displayed. 

You are, no doubt, aware that we have received all the assistance from 
the public authorities that we have desired. The City has given us 
the lease of Reservoir Square, the State has granted us a Charter, and 
the Federal authorities have engaged that the building shall be made a 
Bonded Warehouse for the purpose of receiving foreign articles without 
paying duty so long as they remain in it. 

We have the strongest assurances of support from the Representatives 
in this country of the principal Foreign Powers ; and we are receiving 
daily confirmation of the general interest that the subject is exciting 
among the manufacturers of Europe. A large number of articles of high 
value are already secured, and we have no doubt whatever that we 
shall have a very extensive representation of all the branches of foreign 
industrvt. 



27 

The measures which we have adopted will thus secure two great objects 
we have dedred to attain, viz. : the erection of a building which will be 
a great architectural ornament to our city, and ihe exhibition in that 
building of the products of the industry of the Old World ; still, we 
shall fall far short of our mark if we do not equally succeed in obtaining 
the fullest and most extensive co-operation of American industry; our 
Exhibition would be extremely defective — it would be very inferior, both 
in interest and in utility, to what we mean to make it — if the great re- 
sources of the people of our own country were not fully displayed in it. 

We believe it to be unnecessary to urge upon you the arguments on' 
this subject, Avhich we are sure will present themselves to the mind of 
every intelligent American producer ; your position in the world of Ame- 
rican industry, your own interest, and what is due to an enterprise devised 
and meant to be carried out with no narrow views, but on a large scale 
of public usefulness, all entitle us to entertain the fullest conviction that 
you will send us some of the choicest specimens of your skill, and* that 
you will urge your friends to do the same. 

We do not doubt that such will be the result when the subject is once 
brought fairly and fully before you ; and our only reason for addressing 
you thus particularly is that the matter may not be overlooked in the 
press of daily business, and that you may give the subject attention in 
time to be fully prepared. 

We inclose our General Circular, and also a Form of Application for 
Space, to which we beg your attention. Copies of these or of this letter, 
if you desire them to send to your friends or correspondents, can be had 
at this office. 

In order that we may know on what extent of co-operation we may 
depend, the favor of a reply, on or before the 15th day of December next, 
is asked. 

I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obed't serv't, 

Theodore Sedgwick, President. 

The general organization of tlie enterprise was thus 
completed, and all classes invited to co-operate in its 
objects. But other steps were deemed necessary to 
render its success certain. For tliat purpose, early in 
October, the President of the Association made to 
the late lamented Mr. "Webster, Secretary of State of the 
United States, a request that he would address the rep- 



resentatives of tlie Government of the United States in 
Europe, and ask tliem to assist Mr. Buschek by their 
advice and countenance as far as could properly be 
done. 

Mr. Webster was at the time more ill than was known 
by those who addressed him. But with that activity 
of mind and large comprehension which distinguished 
him to the last, he at once saw and recognized the im- 
portance of this enterprise, and replied to Mr. Sedgwick 
as follows : 

Department of State, ) 

Washington, October 12, 1852. f 

Sir : — I have received your favor of Oct. 7, and I have examined with 
care the papers accompanying it, as well as the sketch of the building 
which you have been good enough to send ; the latter appears to me 
very beautiful. Your name, and those of the gentlemen associated with 
you, are sufficient guarantees that the enterprise will be conducted with 
energy, fidelity and capacity ; and there can be no doubt that an exhibi- 
tion of the kind you contem])late, if properly carried out, will be of very 
general interest and utility. You do not overrate my desire to promote 
your views. Of course I cannot, as a member of the Government of the 
United States, give you any other aid than you have already received 
from the Customs Department, by making your building a bonded ware- 
house ; but I will write to the representatives of the United States at the 
principal Courts of Europe, stating to them strongly my sense of the im- 
portance of your enterprise, and the numerous reasons in my mind why 
they should give your agent, Mr. Busehek, all the aid and support that 
they properly can. I am, Sir, with great respect, your ob't serv't, 

Daniel Webster. 

Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., New- York. 

The promise contained in this letter was fully per- 
formed, and on the same day Mr. Webster addressed 
the following communication to our Foreign Ministers at 
St. Petersburg, London, Vienna, Berlin and Paris. His 
letter was as follows: 



29 



Department of State, ) 

Washington, October 12, 1852. \ 

Sir : — I have been applied to by Mr. Theodore Sedgwick, the President 
of the Assocition for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, in 
behalf of the effort now making in New- York, for the erection in that 
city, next year, of a World's Fair, analogous to that which was in London 
in 1851. 

The enterprise is in the hands of some of the most respectable of our 
, citizens. Their names are to me, as I know they will be to you, a suffi- 
cient guarantee not only that the affair will be carried out with energy 
and fidelity, but that it will be treated with large and liberal views as a 
matter of great public interest and utility. 

They have, as they inform me, appointed Mr. Charles Buschek, of 
London, the Austrian Commissioner at the Exhibition in 1851, their Eu- 
ropean agent, and my particular object in addressing you this letter, is to 
convey to you my hope that you will do all you properly can to forward 
Mr. Buschek's views, and to promote the general objects of the Association. 

The Government, through the proper department at New- York, have 
promised that the building shall be made a bonded warehouse, and of 
course can go no further in the way of official aid ; but I am satisfied that 
the complete and triumphant success of this enterprise will be a subject 
of great satisfaction to all our people, and that it will expect that the Asso- 
ciation should be supported in every legitimate and proper way. 

I am. Sir, respectfully your obedient servant, 

Daniel Webster. 

Hon. J. R. Ingersoll. 

It is proper liere to pause for a moment, and while 
recognizing tlie public spirit and private courtesy 
wMcli dictated these communications, to deplore the 
loss which the country has sustained by the death of 
this emuient man. 

In the mean time the progress of the erection of the 
edifice had been going steadily on. The masonry, with 
its numerous piers to support the columns, and its 
well-arranged system of sewerage, was completed in 
October at the period specified. The iron . castings 
began to come upon the ground about the same time, 



30 

and on tlie SOtli of October tlie ceremony of raising 
the first column took place. We give the account of it 
that appeared at the time in the daily papers : 

The erection of the first column of the Crystal Palace took place on 
Reservoir Square at noon on Saturday. The interest in and importance 
of the occasion attracted a large concourse of citizens. There must have 
been at least two thousand persons present. 

There was a large number of distinguished citizens upon the platform 
erected beside the pillar. Among those present we noticed his Excellency 
Gov. Hunt, his Honor the Mayor, Archbishop Hughes, Felix Foresti, 
Gen. Tallmadge, Henry Meigs, C. Croiius, ex-Senator, J. A. Bunting, 
Rev. Dr. Peet, Lambert Suydam, Hon. Judge Betts, Senators McMurray 
and Beekman, and several other invited guests. Gen. Tallmadge and 
others were present as a deputation from the American Institute. 

Dodworth's Band was present during the proceedings, and played 
delightfully. 

When the pillar was raised, by means of a derrick, the Governor 
directed it to its place, amid the enthusiastic cheering of those present 
and the firing of cannon, the band the while playing a national air. 

Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., then addressed the Governor in the follow- 
ing terms : 

Governor Hunt: In the name of the Directors of the Association, 
I thank you cordially and respectfully for the trouble which you have 
taken to honor this occasion with your presence. Our thanks are also 
eminently due to the City Government, not only for their attendance here 
to-day, but more for the sagacious foresight with which they have ex- 
tended their liberal aid to the enterprise in its infancy. We are also 
proud to see among our friends the officers of two societies — one from our 
own, and one from a sister State — which have done so much to raise the 
aims and promote the interests of American Industry, to open the path 
in which we are now treading. The general objects to which this building 
will be destined are so famihar to us all that I need not dwell upon them. 
Our arrangements are so far advanced that we can speak with confidence 
as to our ultimate success. It is sure to strike the mind of the European 
producer that he has substantial objects to attain by sending specimens 
of his skill here which no European country can afibrd. On the other 
hand, the American manufacturer, who has comparatively little but lionor 
to gain by sending the produce of his skill to Europe, has a clear and 
distinct inducement to exhibit his goods here. If no unforeseen event 
occui-s, we snail have it in our power to make such an exhibition of the 
costly, artistic and luxurious products of the Old World as has never yet 



31 



been seen among us. These .considerations will produce their results, and 
we are equally confiJent that the industry of our country,with that fear- 
less energy which, perhaps more than any other one thing, is a dis- 
tinguishing trait in our national character-, will eagerly enter into a contest 
from which, in every respect, nothing but good can flow. I shall say on 
this head no more. Those whose eyes, like mine, were delighted by the 
surpassing glories of the London Exhibition — who know the power, 
opulence and varied resources of the Old World — who know what these 
creatiu-es of genius, the French, are trying to effect, may well pause be- 
fore they make vaunts for the future. SuflSce it, we shall do every thing 
that industry and fidelity can accomplish. Nor shall I enlarge on the 
benefits of an exhibition of this kind. There is no doubt whatever that 
there yet exists no similar means for extending the circle of knowledge 
and taste — above all, for enlarging and increasing that mutual good-will 
and confidence which is the sui-est bulwark of national independence, and 
the only guaranty of international peace. [Cheers.] 

Permit me, sir, to say a word respecting the building itself. We in- 
tend, and I believe it is not too much to claim, that the palace itself shall 
make an epoch in the architecture of our city. We believe that it will 
give an impulse to construction in the material of iron that will be of the 
greatest service to that interest. Iron constructions have already been 
carried far forward by a most intelligent and accomplished mechanic — 
Mr. James Bogardus — and I believe that the experience of this building 
will give it a great additional impulse. Its superior lightness, durability, 
cheapness and facility of construction, give it immense advantages over' 
any other material. We are erecting an edifice that will cover, on the 
ground floor, two and a half acres, and it will be done in the winter, in 
about six months, for a sum not much varying from $200,000. If any 
one compares this time and the time with what would be required for a 
building of any other material except wood, the immense superiority of 
iron is most perceptible. [Applause.] But there are, sir, ulterior con- 
siderations which I wish clearly to state. The large cities of the elder 
world, especially on the Continent, possess great galleries for popular in- 
struction and entertainment. It is at first sight remarkable, though in 
fact easily intelligible, that in a country reposing entirely on popular 
power, comparatively nothing is done on a great public scale for the 
pleasure and instruction of our adult people. We have no galleries, no 
parks. This is not the place to say anything in favor of a park, though 
an object which should be dear to the heart of every New-Yorker. But 
I desire, in regard to the other objects, to point out how easy it will be 
hereafter to convert this building into a great People's Gallery of Art. 
Its structure is eminently adapted for the purpose. We stand here on 



32 

the city's ground, and it will be completely in the power of the City 
hereafter to accomplish this result. Long after our Association shall have 
disappeared, I hope this building may stand — as long as yonder massive 
and majestic creation ; and like that, in the hands of the public authori- 
ties, be one of those monuments which make the Government dear to 
the people. [Cheers.] Allow me to say a few words of our purposes. 
The undertaking is a private one — fostered by no governmental aid ; but 
the interests are so numerous and divided, that not the slightest color is 
afforded for the charge of speculation. There are, I venture to say, very 
few undertakings of equal magnitude which are represented by so large 
a number of parties, and it thus becomes practicable to impress upon the 
direction and management of the enterprise, that broad, liberal, impartial, 
and, as it were, national character, which is essential to its proper devel- 
opment. If our success is what we expect and intend it shall be, we 
shall claim the honor of it for our institutions — those institutions which 
enable private individuals to accomplish what in other countries vast 
governmental efforts are required to effect. We shall claim the honor 
for the country and for the people ; for that mixture of individual energy 
and practical accommodation which gives such wonderful efficiency to 
the American character ; for that public spirit and private good feeling 
of which we have such striking evidence here to-day — bringing together 
at this moment men of all parties, to work together for a common object 
of general interest. [Cheers.] Other considerations, sir, yet remain, 
which, at some other time, I shall ask higher and holier personages to 
develop, but which I cannot now altogether overlook. When this struc- 
ture shall be raised — when its lofty dome shall have rushed upward to 
the point where that flag now floats — when its crystal surface shall reflect 
in streams of radiance our warm American sun — when its graceful and 
majestic interior shall be filled with the choicest products of both worlds 
— our minds will soar upward beyond and above all the material con- 
siderations to which I have alluded, and will recognize our own nothing- 
ness, and the infinite superiority of the Power by whose favor we are 
permitted to do what little we effect. And we shall then unite to pour 
forth our thanks for His mercies, and our suppUcations for His forgiveness 
and protection. [Loud cheers.] 

The Governor immediately replied as follows : 

Mr. President : Availing myself of the invitation so kindly extended 
to me by the Association over which you preside, I have come to par- 
ticipate in the appropriate ceremonies of this occasion, and to manifest 



the sincere interest and approval with which I regard your noble under- 
taking. 

You have now reared the first column of an edifice intended to attract 
the productions of genius, industry, and art, from all the civilized nations 
of the world. This liberal design is in harmony with the prevailing 
spirit and tendency of the age in which we live, and its successful com- 
pletion will form a conspicuous landmark in the history of American 
progress. It is a generous conception, alike honorable to the public 
spirit and patriotism of the citizens forming the Association, and im- 
portant in its influence upon the advancement and happiness of society. 

The conquests already made, and the increasing interest evinced by 
our countrymen in the culture of those useful arts which promote the 
physical prosperity and moral elevation of a people, are a source of just 
pride and encouragement to the American statesman. 

By the blessing of Providence we are permitted to work out our des- 
tiny in a period of profound peace. For more than a third of a century 
the civilized world has been exempt from those destructive wars and 
convulsions which had so long wasted the best energies of the human 
race. Nobler purposes engage the thoughts of men and the councils of 
nations. 

Instead of meeting in battle array, and spreading havoc and desola- 
tion over the face of the earth, a kindlier rivalry prevails, and Govern- 
ments cope with each other in a more generous spirit of emulation ; in 
works of beneficence and improvement; in the expansion of commerce, 
the encouragement of industry, and the triumphs of peaceful invention. 

People widely separated from each other by intervening seas and 
diversities of language and institutions are now drawn nearer together 
by rapid and constant commercial intercourse. Remote countries are 
enabled to confer inestimable benefits upon each other by a free inter- 
change of useful discoveries and improvements, thus stimulating industry 
and skill throughout the world, each imparting to all the fi'uits of its 
own civilization, and (above all) difi:'using over the globe the spirit of 
universal brotherhood, which, in God's good time, shall unite the human 
family by the cordial ties of sympathy and concord. 

"When considered in a mere political aspect, the wonderful display of 
the Industry of all Nations, exhibited in England last year, must be re- 
garded as one of the most important events in modern history. 

I rejoice to witness the enlightened ejfforts of my own countrymen to 
emulate so nobfe an example. 

The prosecution and success of the enterprise, now so auspicious^ 
begun, cannot fail to exert a salutary influence, and to produce the m^t 
valuable I'esults. 



34 

It will elevate the national cliaracter abroad, and advance our best 
interests at home. 

It will stimulate our people to new and higher efforts, until we shall 
finally attain to an equality with the older nations in every useful and 
ornamental art. It will promote the development and improvement of 
those natural advantages, so varied and remarkable, with which our 
country is favored ; and furnish another proof of the elevating influence 
of free institutions. 

In conclusion, Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Association, permit 
me to congratulate you upon this auspicious commencement. The 
whole country will rejoice in the consummation of your great purpose. 
Accept my sincere wishes that your labors in the work of civilization 
and beneficent progress may be crowned with the success which is due 
to so bright an example of disinterested pubHc spirit. 

The Mayor, Mr. Kingsland, followed, in a few brief remarks expres- 
sive of his sense of the importance of the undertaking, and his sincere 
desire to see it carried out to a most successful completion. 

General Tallmadge, on the part of the American Institute, offered the 
managers of the Crystal Palace his warmest congratulations upon the 
raising of the first pillar of their edifice, and that, too, under such aus- 
picious circumstances. The American Institute (he said) was glad to 
find such worthy comrades cooperating with them to advance the general 
prosperity of the country. 

Appropriate airs were then played by the band, and the large assem- 
blage shortly afterwards went their way rejoicing in the event of the 
day, with hearty wishes for the successful completion of the New- York 
Crystal Palace. 

The entei'i^rise was therefore fully under way, and 
the Directors might perhaps have contented themselves 
with the steps they had taken to give organization and 
publicity to the undertaking. 

There still, however, appeared to them something more 
to be done to secure the fullest co-operation of all classes 
of our own people ; and on the 10th of November the 
following circular was prepared for the organization of 
\^cal committees in the principal manufacturing and 
Cmmercial cities of the Union : 



85 

Association for the Exhibition op the Industry of all Nations 

Office, No. 53 Broadway, New- York, 
10th November, 1852. 

Sir : — I take the liberty of inclosing to you, with this, various docu- 
ments which will give you the details of the undertaking organized in 
this city for the purpose of making an Exhibition of the products of the 
Industry of all Nations. I forward also a Lithographed Plan of the 
Building, which will, I think, serve to show you that the means employed 
by us are not unworthy of the end at which we aim. 

It is extremely desirable that the Industry of our own country should 
be fully represented ; for whatever interest the products of the artistic 
talent or luxurious taste of the Old World may excite, certainly nothing 
within the general scope of the undertaking can exceed in importance 
the development of our own products and the advancement of our own 
Manufacturing Skill. In order, therefore, to bring the enterprise more 
thoroughly and more familiarly to the knowledge of the different sections 
of the country, we have adopted a resolution to raise Local Committees 
in the principal manufticturing and commercial centres of the United 
States ; and my immediate purpose is, respectfully, to request your co- 
operation with us by becoming a member of such Committee for your 
section of the Union. The principal places in which we have, thus far, 
determined to raise these Committees are Boston, Philadelphia, Charles- 
ton, New-Orleans, St. Louis, Detroit, and Cincinnati. 

We hope. Sir, that the general interest of the subject and the aid to 
which every liberal effort to promote the resources of our People seems 
entitled will induce you to, give this matter your attention. We can, Ave 
think, give no better proof of our earnest desire to make this Exhibition 
both creditable to the country and useful to its great interests than by 
endeavoring to secure the assistance of our most eminent and capable 
men. I pray the favor of an early reply. 

And I am. Sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, 

Theodore Sedgwick, President. 

In this case, as in otiiers, tlie Directors of tlie As- 
sociation met witli a ready and cordial response from 
all parts of the country. The Committees thus far have 
been organized as follows : 

The Committee organized at Boston is intended to 
cover a considerable part of New-England, and consists 



36 

of Samuel Lawrence, Esq., Cliairman ; N. Hale, James 
W. Paige, Otis Tufts, Geoege S. Hillaed, Maeshall 
P. Wildee, J. T. Stevenson, Boston ; Gov. Hubbaed, 
of New-Hampshire ; Gov. Paine, of Vermont ; Hon. 
RuEL W. MuEEAY, of Maine ; Ezra Lincoln, Secretary. 

The Connecticut Committee consists of gentlemen 
from various parts of the State, and is as follows : 

General James T. Pratt, Rocky Hill ; Noeman Portee, 
Berlin ; L. B. Page, Hon. Philip Ripley, Hon. Henry 
C. Deming, F. a. Brown, Hon. James Dixon, Samuel 
Woodruff, Samuel Ashbuenee, Hartford; Hon. La 
Fayette S. Foster, Norwich ; James Brewster, Hon. 
Ralph I. Ingersoll, Hon. James D. Dana, Eli W. Blake, 
New-Haven ; Samuel Stearns, Middletown ; George M. 
Landers, New-Britain ; P. T. Barnum, Bridgeport ; 
Philo Pratt, R. Linsley, Meriden ; Phineas Talcott, 
Vernon ; S. W. Collins, Collinsville ; W. H. Scoville, 
"Waterbury ; John Tracy, Willimautic ; Edward N. 
Shelton, Henry L. Attwater, Birmingham ; Edward 
S. Mitchell, Wallingford ; John S. Mitciieli, Water- 
bury ; W. De Forest, Humphreysville. 

The St. Louis Committee consists of the Hon. Luther 
M. Kensett, Charles P. Chouteau, Lewis V. Bogy, Dr. 
H. A. Prout, Thomas S. O'Sullivan, Wm. H. Belcher, 
A. B. Chai\ibers, Thornton Grimsley, A. S. Mitchell, 
Thomas Allen, James Harrison, James McPherson, 
Hudson E. Bridge. 

The New-Orleans Committee consists of Lucius C. 
Duncan, Esq., Chairman ; Ja:mes Robij, Hon. E. Lasere, 
W. A. Gasquet, W. N. Mercer, Alexander Walker, 
H. R. W. Hill, A. F. Axson, Maunsel White, A. M. 



37 

Harlbeook, C. J. Leeds, Newton" Riohaeds ; J. D. B. 
De Bow, Secretary. 

The Baltimore Committee consists of Bobeet M. Mc- 
Lane, Esq., Chairman ; Joshua Vansant, William 
BosE, John H. B. Lateobe, Thomas WiNAifs, Heney 
Tiffany, James Mueray, Wendel Bollman, L. A. B. 
Walbach, Captain U. S. A., Chaeles E. Wetheeed, 
GeoectE W. Dobbin ; William Peescott S^hth, Secre- 
tary. 

The Pennsylvania Committee consists of John Peice 
Wetiieeill, Chairman ; His Excellency, William Big- 
ler, Governor of the Commonwealth ; Hon. Chief Jus- 
tice J. 8. Black, Hon. F. W. Hughes, Secretary of the 
Commonwealth ; Hon. Feed. Watts, Carlisle ; Hon. A. 
S. Wilson, Lewistown ; Hon. John H. Ewing, Wash- 
ington; Hon. A. L. Hayes, Lancaster; Hon. James 
M. PoETEE, Easton ; B. Geehaed, George H. Burgin, 
M.D., Edwin Greble, William N. Lacey, Bedwood F. 
Warner, Morton McMichael, Charles E. Smith, 
William C. Patterson, Samuel E. Stokes, J. T. 
Bailey, Aaron S. Lippincott, Philadelphia ; H. H. 
Muhlenburg, Reading ; James C. Kempton, Mana- 
yunk; Charles Kelly, Kelly ville; Thomas Bake- 
well, William M. Lyon, John H. Schoenberger, 
William Larimer, Jr., Pittsburg ; David R. Stewart, 
Blair County ; A. B. MoAlpin, Secretary. 

The Cincinnati Committee consists of John P. Foote, 
Esq., Chairman ; Miles Greenwood, Samuel Fordick, 
Jacob Strader, John C. Wright, William A. Adams, 
Timothy Walker, George E. Sellees. 

These names will be recognised as among the most 



prominent in the sections of tlie Union to which they 
respectively belong. Other Committees are yet to be 
organized. 

The construction of the edifice having by this time 
made considerable progress, and the scope of the enter- 
prise being much extended and developed, the Direct- 
ors issued a new circular to American Producers, of the 
folio wino- tenor : 

o 

Office, No. 53 Bkoadway, New-York, ) 
6t!i December, 1852. \ 

I address you, on behalf of the Association for the Exhibition of the 
Industry of all Nations, to invite your co-operation in the general objects 
of the enterprise. 

The building intended for the purposes of the Exhibition, constructed 
entirely of iron and glass, will be, it is believed, the largest and most 
beautiful edifice in the country. It covers, on the ground floor, two and 
a half acres, and, with the galleries, the whole space is four acres. The 
mason work is entirely completed. The main part of the iron work is 
contracted for, a large part of the castings are delivered on the ground, 
and the construction is going steadily on. We intend, as we have already 
stated to the public, that the Exhibition shall be opened on the 2d of 
May, 1853. 

You are thus offered an unequalled opportunity of exhibiting to the 
vast population of this country, such of }our productions as you send us, 
free of all charge of every kind whatever, from the time that they are 
delivered into our custody until withdrawn. 

The Association has already announced, that their objects are limited 
exclusively to exhibition. They have no interest whatever, direct or 
indirect, in the final disposition to be made of any article that may be 
displayed. 

You are, no doubt, aware that we have received all the assistance from 
the public authorities that we have desired. The city has given us the 
lease of Reservoir Square ; the State has granted us a charter, and the 
Federal authorities have engaged that the building shall be made a 
bonded warehouse, for the purpose of receiving foreign articles, without 
paying duty so long as they remain in it. 

We have the strongest assurances of support from the representatives 
here of the principal foreign countries. Tbe late lamented Mr. Webster 
on the 12th October, issued a private circular from the Department o 



39 

State to the representatives of this Governraent at the courts of the prin- 
cipal European powers, requesting their assistance in the objects of the 
undertaking, and we are receiving daily confirmation of the general in- 
terest that the subject is exciting among the manufacturers of Europe. 
A large number of articles of high value are already secured, and we 
have no doubt whatever, that we shall have a very extensive representa- 
tion of all the branches of foreign industry. 

The measures whicb we have adopted will thus secure two great ob- 
jects we have desired to attain, viz. : the erection of a building which 
will be a great architectural ornament to our city, and the exhibition, in 
that building, of the products of the industry of the Old World : still, 
we shall fall far short of our mark, if we do not equally succeed in ob- 
taining the fullest and most extensive cooperation of American industry ; 
our Exhibition would be extremely defective — it would be very inferior, 
both in interest and in utility, to what we mean to make it — if the great 
resources of the people of our own country were not fully displayed in it. 

We believe it to be unnecessary to urge upon j^ou the arguments on 
this subject which we are sure will present themselves to the mind of 
every intelligent American producer. Your position in the world of 
American industry, your own interest, and what is due to an enterprise 
devised and meant to be carried out with no narrow views, but on a large 
scale of public usefulness, all entitle us to entertain the fullest conviction 
that you will send us some of the choicest specimens of your skill, and 
that you will urge your friends to do the same. 

In making this application, we desire to have it understood that we 
intend to call forth a complete representation of the entire resources of 
the country, as well of raw materials as of manufactured articles. We 
hope to see abundant specimens of the cei-eal products of the Northern 
and Western States, of the cotton and sugar of the South, as well as of 
all the other great agricultural staples of the country. Of similar impor- 
tance are the mineral treasures of our continent. We are particularly 
desirous that our building should contain a complete collection of the 
various ores which the active industry of our people is daily bringing to 
light, of the metals produced from them, in their various stages of 
development, and also of all other minerals. This would include as well 
coal, granite, and other similar substances, as those chemical products 
more especially used in the arts. The ores should be accompanied by 
the rocks in which they are found, and, if possible, by plans and sections 
of the measures in which they lie. It would also be of great interest to 
exhibit, either by models or descriptive drawings, the different processes 
employed in the reduction of the ores and the manufacture of the metals. 
You will readily see the importance and value of a collection of this kind, 



40 

and if the specimens are forwarded to us, we shall take such measures 
for their classification and arrangement as will best subserve the objects 
of the Exhibition, and, at the same time, add to the information and ex- 
perience of our people. 

We have heretofore announced, that paintings in frames will be ex- 
hibited ; and we are very desirous that the sculpture of the country will 
be fully represented. If our wishes in these respects are answered, our 
building will furnish a complete illustration of the natural resources, the 
art and the industry of our people, and the manifestation thus made will, 
we are convinced, surprise even those most conversant with the progress 
of the Republic. 

We inclose our General Circular, and also a form of Application for 
Space, to which we beg your attention. Copies of these or of this letter, 
if you desire them to send to your friends or correspondents, can be had 
at this office. 

In order that we may know on what extent of cooperation we may 
depend, the favor of a reply on or before the loth day of January, is 
respectfully asked. Please address your letter to William Whetten, Esq., 
Secretary. 

I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, 
Theodork Sedgwick, President. 

Shortly afterwards, in order to secure more effectually 
tlie object of obtaining a full representation of the 
mineral resources of the country, the following special 
circular was issued : 

Office of the Association for the Exhibition of the Industry 
OF ALL Nations, 

No. 53 Broadway, New-York, ) 
20th January, 1853. \ 

To Proprietors of Mines, Metallurgists, Chemical Manufacturers, Coal 
Companies, and owners of Cabinets in the United States. 

It is the wish of this Association, in furtherance of the general desire, 
already in many ways expressed by them, to render their Exhibition not 
a mere display of curious and attractive objects, but practically useful and 
conducive to the progress of the Nation, to receive within their building 
a full representation of the varied and extensive ilineral resources of the 
United States. It is hoped that the proprietors of Mines and Metallur- 
gists will appreciate the value and importance of such a collection of ores 
and minerals to civilization and the prosperity of the country, and that 



41 

they will respond to it by sending numerous and appropriate specimens, 
in order that this department of the Exhibition may fairly exhibit the 
present state or advancement of the Mining and Metallurgical Arts among 
us. It is only by an exhibition of this kind, in connection with the 
various metals and manufactured products from different and distant 
sections of the country, that just comparisons of excellence in the manu- 
facture of such metals can be made. 

Our vast Mineral resources, and the present advanced condition of 
Chemistry, and its applications to Metallurgy and the Arts, demand that 
these resources be adequately represented. Europe is not without collec- 
tions of this kind ; the Mining Schools of France and Germany, with 
their extensive and increasing collections, exert no small influence on the 
prosperity of those countries ; the recent establishment of the Museum of 
Practical Geology and Government School of Mines in England, has al- 
ready been productive of great benefit; and should this Association be 
instrumental in procuring mineralogical and metallurgical specimens that 
would form the nucleus of a similar institution, their desire to benefit the 
country would be in one branch at least accomplished. 

The value and importance of our mines and ores can be most advan- 
tageously shown by a series or suite of specimens of moderate size, taken 
from diflferent parts of the veins or deposits, so as to exhibit their average 
quality or richness. This will be effected by taking specimens of the 
poor or lean ores, as well as those of unusual richness ; the series of speci- 
mens from each mine should include specimens of the minerals or asso- 
ciates found with the ore, and specimens of each wall-rock of the vein or 
bed. To make the Collection more instructive, it is desirable to have 
drawings exhibiting the geological formation of the localities from which 
ores are taken. It is important that all the specimens should be uniform 
in size and shape, and distinctly characteristic of the part of the vein they 
are inteJided to represent. Such a serial representation will facilitate 
comparisons, and combine economy of space with ease of classification and 
arrangement. It will also be more instructive and valuable than the ex- 
hibition of a few isolated masses of unusual magnitude or richness. 
Specimens of this character, in addition to the smaller specimens, would 
however, in some cases, be interesting. 

In addition, the Association invites the exhibition of choice American 
minerals, possessing peculiar beauty or interest, which may be in public 
colleges or private collections. Such specimens will be carefully handled 
and arj-anged by competent mineralogists, so as to insure their safe 
return. 

The specimens of metals and Chemical manufactures should, when 
practicable, be accompanied by samples of the raw material, the fluxes 



42 

and the residues, including slags, cinder, &c. The metals should be 
shown in the different stages of their manufacture, and it is very desira- 
ble that all processes employed should be illustrated by drawings and 
models. 

All the specimens will be arranged under the charge of a competent 
scientific superintendent, especially employed for the purpose. They will 
be carefully classified, labelled and catalogued ; and each exhibitor will 
be thus enabled to compare his contributions with those of a similar 
character from distant sections of this country, and from foreign coun- 
tries. 

Persons intending to contribute, are referred to the following list of the 
more important and valuable minerals, with directions annexed, which 
last they are requested to observe with great care. 

It is necessary that all persons desirous to act on the suggestions con- 
tained in this circular, should immediately address to William Whetten, 
Esq., the Secretary of the Association, No 53 Broadway, a statement of 
their intention, and of the space in square feet, as near as they can esti- 
mate, that their contributions, when arranged, will occupy. 

Theodore Sedgwick, President. 

LIST OF MINERALS DESIRED FOR EXHIBITION. 

It is especially important, that the following Metals and Minerals 
should be well represented in the Exhibition : — 

METALS AND ORES. 

Iron and its Ohes — including the Magnetic Ores, Hematites, Bog-iron 
ore, Carbonates, Iron-stones of the coal formation, Specular Iron 
and Franklinite, Pig-iron, together with the limestones and clays 
used for fluxes, and specimens of the slag or "cmc?f?-," Bar-iron 
and Steel in their various stages of manufacture. 

Copper. — Native Co^^^er of Lake Superior; Co'pper-ores, mcXviCawg \hQ 
Sulphurets, Carbonates and Oxides, with samples of the ores as 
dressed for market; Metallic Co2}j)er, in its various stages of 
refinement from the mixed ores ; together with samples of the 
slags and refuse of the furnaces. 

Lead and its Ores. — Lead 2yrej)arations, including Oxides, Carbonates, 
and the various salts and pigments. 

Gold. — Native, together with the gold-bearing quartz and rocks ; auri- 
ferous Pyrites, residues of the extractive processes, including tail- 
ings, black-sand, <fec. 

Silver. — Platina, Rhodium and Iridosfnine. 



43 

Zinc Ores — including Oxides, Silicates, Calamines, Blendes, together 
with the manufactured products. 

Mercury, — Cinnabar of California, Nickel, Cobalt, and their prepara- 
tions. 

Tin Ores. — Chrome ores and products of Chrome, Iron Pyrites, Man- 
ganese. 

XON-METALLIC MINERALS. 

Sulphur, Bromine, Iodine, Salt, Magnesites, Sulphate of Barytes, 
[Barytes,) crude and ground ; Graphite, (" Black-lead,") Mica, Precious, 
Stones, Corundum, Fire-clays, Porcelain clays, Kaoline, Glass-sand, 
Feldspar, Gypsum, Phosphorites, Ochres, and Earthy Paints, Aluminous 
Shales, Marls. 

BUILDING MATERIALS. 

Sienite, Granite, Porphyry, Sandstones, Limestones ; Marbles, white, 
black and colored ; Breccias, Statuary Marble, Serpentine, (" verd an- 
tique,") Slates, Flagging-stones, Steatite, Hydraulic Limestones, Cementst 
Gypsum and Alabaster. 

EUELS. 

Coals. — Bituminous, Semi-bituminous, Anthracite, Rhode-Island Coal, 
Fossil Coal-plants and impressions, and the contiguous Iron ores. 
Lignites. — Bitumen, Naphtha, Asp)halt, Mineral Oil. 

Directions for Selecting and Packing Specimens intended to be sent 
to New-York for Exhibition. 

1. The specimens should be obtained directly from the Mine, and possess 
fresh and clean surfaces. 

2. Specimens for a series should not be over five or six inches square, and 
two inches thick ; specimens should be trimmed to this size and shape 
when practicable, as uniformity of size and shape is important. 

3. The surfaces of specimens should not be allowed to come in contact or 
be rubbed together so as to become scratched or injured. 

4. Each specimen should be numbered and labelled, and separately 
wrapped in an abundance of stout, thick paper. 

5. Each series of specimens should be carefully packed in boxes, which 
should be distinctly marked and numbered, and not exceed 200 pounds 
in weight. 

6. Choice specimens or crystallizations should be separately packed. 

Y. At the time of sending the box or package, an Invoice or List of the 
contents should be sent by mail. It should give the Exhibitor's name 



44 

and address, and the name and locality of the Mine, together with 
such facts in relation to it as are of a scientific or practical nature. 
The list should refer to each specimen by its number ; and refer to the 
box or package by its mark and number. 

Tlie lamented death of Mr. Webster Lad prevented tlie 
Directors from obtaining tlie support of tlie Government 
of the United States to the full extent that seemed de- 
sirable, and the President of the Association, therefore, 
on the 5tli December, made to Mr. Everett, the Sec- 
retary of State of the United States, a request that he 
would communicate with such of the Ministers of the 
Kepublic in Europe as Mr. Webster had not been able to 
address, for the purpose of obtaining their co-operation 
in the general objects of the undertaking. To this re- 
quest Mr. Everett replied in the most prompt and cor- 
dial manner. His letter was as follows : 



Department of State, Washington, ) 
9 th December, 1852. \ 

Sir : — I received yesterday your favor of the 6th, inclosing a copy of 
letters of Mr. Webster to yourself and to our Ministers at the principal 
European Courts. I also have to thank you for a very pleasing litho- 
graphic view of the edifice in course of erection for the proposed Exhibi- 
tion of the Industry of all Nations. 

It will afford me great pleasure to follow the example of my lamented 
predecessor in reference to your great undertaking. His circular letter 
of the 12th of October, recommending your enterprise, is addressed to 
the Ministers of the United States at five of the leading Courts in Eu- 
rope. You name, ia addition, our Minister at Constantinople ; and if 
you will mention such other of our diplomatic representatives as you may 
wish a copy sent to, I will immediately cause it to be done. 

I was yesterday requested by the Prussian Minister, on behalf of his 
Government, to address him a note, which should contain an authentic 
assurance of the favorable regard in which the Exhibition is held by the 
Government of the United States, to serve as the basis of the measures 
of co-operation which may be adopted by Prussia and the other States 



45 

of the Zollverein. I inclose you herewith a copy of my answer to Baron 
Von Gerolt. 

If anything else occurs to you by wnich I can manifest my interest in 
this highly meritorious undertaking, you will greatly oblige me by men- 
tioning it. 

I remain, dear Sir, with great respect, faithfully yours, 

(Signed,) Edward Everett. 

Theodore Sedgwick, Esq. 

{Copy) 

" Departmet of State, Washington, ) 
"7th December, 1852. \ 

" Sir : — In compliance with the wish expressed by you yesterday, I 
have much pleasure to say that, though the Industrial Exhibition proposed 
to be held in New-York next year is not undertaken by the Government 
of the United States, nor under its control, it is viewed with great favor 
by the President. Letters to this effect, written by the late Secretary of 
State, have appeared in the public journals, and the same dispositions 
are still entertained by the Department. It will be a source of gratifica- 
tion to this Government to witness the co-operation in the projected Exhi- 
bition of the friendly powers of Europe, and of their citizens and subjects 
concerned in every branch of the useful and ornamental arts. Whatever 
aid can be legally extended to the Exhibition by the Executive will be 
cheerfully given. You have been already informed that the Secretary of 
the Treasury will consider the Exhibition building as a government ware- 
house, in order that articles imported from abroad maybe entered in bond, 
subject to duty only in the event of their being sold in the country. 

" I avail myself. Sir, of this opportunity to oifer you the assurance of 
my distinguished consideration. 

(Signed,) "Edward Evesett." 

" Baron F. Von Gerolt, &c. &c. &c." 

The promise given in tlie letter from Mr. Everett to 
the President of the Association, was fully redeemed by 
the following communication, which was very shortly 
afterwards addressed by the Secretary of State to the 
Ministers and Charges d' Affaires of the United States in 
Europe : 

Department of State, ) 
27th December, 1852. \ 
Sir: — I beg leave to invite your attention to the Industrial Exhibition, 
which is to take place in May next in the City of New- York. A piivate 



46 

circular letter on this subject was addressed by ray predecessor to some 
of the diplomatic representatives of the United States in Europe. I take 
great pleasure in apprising those by whom copies of that letter were re- 
ceived, that the opinions of this Department, therein expressed, in favor 
of the proposed Exhibition, remain unchanged ; and I am desirous of 
engaging the cooperation, generally, of our Minister and Charges. 
d' Affaires abroad, as far as it can be properly given, in an undertaking of 
such manifest utility and interest. 

The Exhibition, in its leading character, though not undertaken by the 
Government of the United States, will resemble that which was the sub- 
ject of admiration throughout the civilized world during the summer of 
1851. If it should yield in some respects, of necessity, to that great dis- 
play of the products of the world's industry, it is believed that in some 
other respects the Exhibition at New-York will equal, and in others even 
surpass its prototype. 

The circumstance that such an undertaking can with any confidence be 
projected on this side of the Atlantic Ocean, must be a matter of no ordi- 
nary significance to a reflecting mind in Europe. The City of New- York, 
as the centre of a system of internal communication, natural and artificial, 
without a parallel in Europe, aflfords peculiar facilities for such a purpose. 
It is perfectly well known that many causes conspired to prevent the in- 
dustry of America from being adequately represented at the Exhibition in 
Hyde Park ; and as far as the productive, manufacturing, and artistic 
resources of the United States are matters entitled to the consideration of 
the European world, they will be displayed to greater advantage in the 
New- York Exhibition, than on any former occasion. 

For these reasons you may safely interest yourself, as far as it can with 
propriety be done, in the success of the Exhibition. To the inquiries 
which will be often addressed to you as to the character of the undertaking, 
you can answer that, though not a Govermnent enterprise, it is viewed 
with great favor by the President of the United States ; and that the 
Exhibition building will, by direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, be 
made a government warehouse, in order to admit the importation in 
bond of articles sent from abroad, subject to duty only in the event of 
their being sold in this country. You can add, that it will be a source 
of gratification to the Government and people of this country to witness 
the cooperation, in the projected Exhibition, of the friendly Powers of 
Europe, and of their citizens and subjects. You will also no doubt take 
pleasure in extending every friendly office in your power to the Agents of 
the Exhibition now in Europe, or who may in the course of the winter 
and spring go abroad to make preparations for the Exhibition. 

I will only add, that the immediate superintendence and management 



47 

are in the hands of Gentlemen second to none in this community for 
respectability of character, and that implicit reliance may be placed on 
the probity and good faith -with which the enterprise will be conducted. 
I am, Sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

(Signed,) Edward Everett. 

The effect of tlie support thus given to the enter- 
prise by the officers of the Federal Government, was 
to raise the undertaking from the position of a mere 
private affair, and to impress on it the character of a 
national undertaking. Among the gratifying proofs 
of the steady progress of the Exhibition in popularity 
and favor is the following language, held by His Ex- 
cellency Horatio Seymour, the Governor of the State 
of New- York, in his annual Message of the 4th of 
January, 1853 : 

The striking success of American industry and skill at the London Ex- 
hibition and in the British waters, during the year 1851, naturally aroused 
a desire for the organization in this country of an Industrial Exhibition 
analogous to that which has conferred so much honor on England. The 
limitations of the powers of our National and State Governments pre- 
vented their more direct action, but a charter was granted by the Legisla- 
ture at the session of 1852, forming an association designed to accomplish 
this enterprise. With the favor of the General Administration, and the 
active aid of the City of New- York, the Association is pursuing its task 
with energy, its managers appearing fully sensible of the high expecta- 
tions excited by their undertaking. While the producers of Europe will 
avail themselves of so favorable an opportunity to bring their fabrics to 
the notice of the consumers of this country, the collection, on a national 
scale, of the products of American industry, must of itself secure a result 
of such interest and practical value as fully to repay the great labor which 
the work requires. The building designed to receive the Exhibition, now 
partly erected, promises to unite convenience and ample space with a high 
and novel character of architectural beauty ; and may, if the success of 
the enterprise shall warrant its preservation, remain for similar uses 
through future years. 

His Excellency George F. Fort, Governor of the 



48 

State of New-Jersey, iu the annual Message delivered 
by him in January, lias also called the attention of the 
people of that State to the New- York Exhibition, in 
the following words : 

" An Association lias been formed in the City of New- York for the pur- 
pose of originating an Industrial Exhibition similar in character and design 
to the ' Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations,' which was lield 
in London during the year 1851. An ample edifice, of architectural beauty 
and proportions, is now in the course of erection. It is worthy of remark, 
that the glass which enters into the composition of the building is wholly 
of New-Jersey manufacture, together with a large proportion of the iron 
work ; while the Chief Engineer is one of our enterprising citizens. The 
character of this State for industry and skill, agricultural, manufacturing, 
and mineral wealth and productions, induces the belief that her citizens 
will avail themselves of the opportunity presented to maintain and increase 
the reputation she has already acquired, by contributing her full quota to 
render the Exhibition interesting and successful." 

The foregoing pages ]3resent a full statement of the 
various steps taken by the Directors of this enterprise, 
from its outset to the present time. It will readily be 
believed that the obtainins^ of the charter, the raisins^ 
the requisite capital, the selection of the plans, the 
appointment of the Engineer and his associates, the 
various construction contracts, the oi-ganization of the 
Foreign Department, the Canada Agency, the issu- 
ing the various circulars, the formation of the local 
committees, with all the correspondence and the innu- 
merable incidental details resulting therefrom, have 
been a work of considerable magnitude. The success 
of the enterprise thus far has been beyond what the 
most sanguine could have expected. Supported by 
the Government of their own country, the Directors 
have met witli a cordial response from abroad. Appli- 



49 

cations from all parts of tlie Union liave been made 
and are making by those desirous to display tlie 
trophies of American Industry ; and the reports from 
the European Agent leave no longer any doubt that 
the Old World will be fully represented in the New- 
York Exhibition. 

The following documents show the active interest 
taken by the French Government in the enterprise : 

Ministry of the Interior, Agriculture and Commerce — Direction of Agriculture and 
Commerce — Division of Foreign Trade — Office of the General Movements of 
Trade and Kavigation — Universal Exposition of New- York. 

PAras, Nov. 30, 1852. 
Sir : — I have perused with interest the account of proceedings you fur- 
nish me of the ceremony which took place, and the speeches that were 
dehv^red in New-York, on the occasion of erecting the first column of 
the Palace of the American Exhibition. 

In order to give these documents all the publicity in my power, I have 
ordered the insertion in the Moniteur of the article published in the 
Courrier des JStats- JJnis which contained those details. 

I avail myself of this opportunity to hand you a copy of the Circular 
which I have addressed to our Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures 
on transmitting to them the plans and design of the New- York Exhibition 
Palace which you had, for this purpose, forwarded to my Department. 
Accept, Sir, the assurance of my distinguished consideration. 
For the Minister, the Counsellor of State, Director of 
Agriculture and Commerce, 

(Signed) Heurtier. 

Mr. BuscHEK, Director-General of the New-York Exposition, 5 Rue La- 
fitte. 



Ministry of the Interior for Agriculture and Commerce — Direction of Agricultm*e 
and Trade — Division Ox Foreign Trade — Universal Exposition of JSTew- York — 
Communication of Official Notice and Plan. 

Paris, 22d Nov., 1852. 
Gentlemen : — The Universal Exhibition which is to take place in New- 
York, in May, 1853, has, undoubtedly, aroused the attention of our man- 
ufacturers and artists ; many amongst them will, probably, wish to send 
specimens of their products. It, therefore, is important that they should 
be made minutely acquainted with all the various arrangements adopted 
for the occasion of this Exhibition, by the Company undertaking the same. 
4 



50 

My Department, ever eager to second and enlighten, under all circum- 
stances, the efforts of our producers, has already, through the Moniteur, 
given publicity to the principal acts of the Xew-York Committee. 

I now hand you, annexed, 

1. A copy of the oflScial notice emanating from the said Committee, 
indicating the formalities to be fulfilled for the transmission and the return 
of products, which, as said Circular states, will be at the expense of the 
Direction established in New-York. 

2. A sketch of the plan and design of the edifice destined to receive 
them. I request you, Gentlemen, to bring these documents to the know- 
ledge of the manufacturers and artists of your District, and to make 
known to me, so far as you can, who those are that prepare themselves to 
take a part in said Exhibition. 

Receive, Gentlemen, the assurance of my distinguished consideration. 
For the Minister the Counsellor of State, 

Director of Agriculture and Commerce, 

(Signed) Heurtier. 

Mucli has tlius been done, but still mucli remains to 
do. Tlie building, althougli steadily advancing, is yet 
to be completed; the applications for space from all 
parts of the Union are to be classified, arranged, and 
passed upon; the goods to be received from abroad; 
and finally, all the arrangements in the interior of the 
edifice to be made before the task is ended. 

But in what has been done the Directors have been 
supported and encouraged by the cordial aid which 
they have received from all classes of our people, and 
they do not fear that this aid will be withdrawn in 
regard to what yet remains to do. The active and 
intelligent mind of the country has recognized the 
merits of the scheme, and has given it that countenance 
and assistance which it is always ready to extend to 
liberal enterprises. 

The Directors appreciate sensibly the cordial and 



61 

generous spirit of confidence that has been manifested 
toward them, and feel keenly the responsibility that it 
imposes. It is theii' intention to proceed in the same 
spirit in which they have thus far gone on, to call to 
their aid in every department the best talent to be had, 
and so to conduct the enterprise that it shall be of both 
utility and credit to the country. They are satisfied 
that they will receive the aid and support that they 
shall show themselves to deserve. 

The Officers and Agents of the Association are at 
present as follows : 



Sfwttors ; 



MORTIMEE LIVmaSTGN, 
ALFRED PELL, 
AUGUST BELMOKT, 
ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Jcn. 
GEORGE L. SCHUYLER, 



PHILIP BURROWES, 
JOHNSTON LIVINGSTON, 
CHARLES W. FOSTER, 
THEODORE SEDGWICK, 
WILLIAM W. STONE, 



ELBERT J. ANDERSON. 



THEODORE SEDGWICK. 

DISCHARGING THE DUTIES OF SECRETARY AND TREASURER : 

WILLIAM WHETTEN. 

Book-Tceeper, L. C. STUART, 

Clerk, FRANCIS HAMILTON. 



Superintending Architect and Engineer, . . C. E. DETMOLD. 

Consulting Engineer, HORATIO ALLEN. 

( GEORGE J. B. CARSTENSEN, 
Architects -< 

j CHARLES GILDEMEISTER. 

Consulting Architect, EDMUND HURRY. 

{ CHAS. J. SHEPARD, 



In charge of the Pattern Shop, ^^^^ PURVIS. 

Superintendent at Reservoir Square, G. W. STAUNTON. 

In charge of the Office at Reservoir Square, HENRY M. VAUGHAN. 



APPENDIX A. 

An Act to incorporate the Association for the Exhibition op 
THE Industry of all Nations. 

Passed, March 11, 1852. 

The People of the State of New-Torlc, represented in Senate and As- 
sembly, do enact as follows: 

Sect. 1. Charles King, William C. Bryant, William Kent, Mor- 
timer Livingston, August Belmont, Watts Sherman, Alfred Pell, 
Alexander Hamilton, Jr., Edward K. Collins, Francis W. Edmonds, 
Elbert J. Anderson, Theodore Sedgwick, Johnston Livingston, 
Charles A. Stetson, and all sucli persons as are, or may be hereafter 
associated with them, by becoming Stockholders as hereinafter named, 
shall be and are hereby constituted a body corporate by the name of the 
"Association for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations." 

Sect. 2. The Capital Stock of the said Company shall be Two Hun- 
dred Thousand Dollars, and shall be divided into shares of One Hundred 
Dollars each, but the Capital may at any time be increased by the 
Directors of the Company, provided, however, that the entire Capital 
shall not exceed the sum of Three Hundi'ed Thousand Dollars. 

Sect. 3. The concerns of the Company shall be managed by Eleven 
Director, who shall be chosen annually by the Stockholders of the said 
Corporation. The persons here named, viz. : Mortimer Livingston, 
Alfred Pell, Alexander Hamilton, Jr., Johnston Livingston, John 
E. Develin, Elbert J. Anderson, Theodore Sedgwick, Francis W. 
Edmonds, Charles A. Stetson, Philip Burrowes and Henry C. Mur- 
phy, shall be Directors of the said Company until the first election, which 
shall be held on the first Monday in March, 1853. The Directors shall 
give public notice of the time and place of holding such election and all 
subsequent elections, in two daily newspapers in the city of New- York, 
twice in each week for three weeks, immediately preceding the election. 
Erch Stockholder shall be entitled to one vote upon each share of Stock. 
The election shall be by ballot, and votes may be given by proxy. The 
Directors shall hold their offices until their successors shall be elected. 
All vacancies in the Board of Directors may be filled by the Directors 
for the time being. 

Sect. 4. The Directors shall annually appoint a President, Treasurer, 
Secretary, and three Inspectors, the last named of whom shall be Stock- 



54 

holders, and such other Officers and Agents as they may from time to 
time deem necessary. They may remove all such officers and appoint 
others, and they may make such By-Laws and such Rules and Regula- 
tions for the Police of the building, and for the general management of 
the business of the Corporation, as shall be proper and as shall be 
allowed by law. 

Sect. 6. The corporation hereby created shall possess the powers and 
be subject to the restrictions expressed and enumerated in the Third 
Title of the First Part of Chapter 18th of the Revised Statutes of this 
State, and in addition thereto shall also have power — 

(1.) To occupy any Real Estate which they may be authorized by the 
Proprietor or Proprietors thereof to hold during the term fixed in this 
Act for the duration of the body corporate, and upon such premises to 
erect a building of which the cost shall not exceed Two Hundred Thou- 
sand Dollars. 

(2.) To enter into contracts and agreements with all persons desirous 
to send articles to the said Exhibition, upon such terms and subject to 
such conditions as to the Directors shall seem just. To receive from all 
such persons, whether in the United States or Foreign Countries, Goods, 
Merchandise, objects of the Fine Arts, and every thing of any kind 
whatsoever intended for Exhibition in the said building, and to exhibit 
the same to the public. 

(3.) To charge and receive entrance money, the charge for any single 
entrance in no case to exceed fifty cents. To distribute prizes among 
the most eminent and skilful of the Exhibitors, and generally to do every 
thing which may be necessary and proper in order to carry out the gene- 
ral purposes of an Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations. 

(4.) To sell and dispose of the said Building when the object thereof 
shall, in the judgment of the Directors of the said Corporation, be at- 
tained. 

(o.) To divide and distribute equally among the Stockholders of the 
said Company, the moneys received either from entrance dues or from 
the sale of the Building, as aforesaid, after all prior charges incurred 
thereon shall be satisfied. 

Sect. 6. Subscription lists to the said Company shall be opened under 
the direction of the Directors thereof, and subject to such rules as they 
may prescribe. The stock of said Company shall be considered personal 
property, and shall be assignable and transferable only on the books of 
the said Company. 

Sect. 7. The Directoi-s shall have power to take and receive subscrip- 
tions from parties who may desire to contribute to the object of the 
said Corporation without any views of profit, and in such case may make 
all necessary regulations and by-laws for repaying such subscriptions, 



55 

before any division is made of the proceeds of the Exhibition among 
the Stockholders, 

Sect. 8. The Directors may make such regulations, as to the time 
and manner of the payment of subscriptions, and the forfeiture of pre- 
vious payments for non-payment of subsequent calls, as they shall see fit, 
but notices of payment shall be not less than two weeks previous, and 
they shall be published twice in each week, in two of the daily papers 
in the City of New- York. 

Sect. 9. The Stockholders of the Company hereby created shall be 
jointly and severally individually liable for all debts that may be due 
and owing to all their laborers, servants, and others in their employ, for 
services performed for said Company. 

Sect. 10. All the Stockholders of the Company shall be severally and 
individually liable to the creditors of the Company to an amount equal 
otthe stock held by them respectively, for all debts and contracts made 
by said Company, until the -whole amount of capital stock fixed and 
limited by this Act shall have been paid in. The capital stock so fixed 
and limited shall all be paid in, one half thereof within one year and 
the other half thereof within two years from the Incorporation of said 
Company, or the same shall be dissolved. 

Sect. 11. It shall be the duty of the Directors to assign one or more 
days, of which due public notice shall be given in one or more of the 
Public Newswapers in the City of New- York, on which day or days the 
children and scholars of the schools of the Public School Society, of the 
Ward Schools, and of the Free Academy, of the Deaf and Dumb and 
Blind Institutions, and of the Orphan Asylums in the City of New- York, 
shall be admitted free of charge. 

Sect. 12. It shall be the duty of the Directors also to assign some 
day, of which due notice shall in like manner be given beforehand, the 
net proceeds of which shall be appropriated and paid over to the Trea- 
surers of the Fire Department Fund, for the benefit of the Widows and 
Orphans of deceased Firemen, in the Cities of New- York and Brooklyn, 
and divided between them in the proportions of three fom-ths to the 
former and one fourth to the latter. 

Sect. 13. The Corporation created by this Act shall last and continue 
for a period not exceeding five years from the time this Act shall take 
effect. 

Sect. 14. This Act shall take effect immediately. 

State of New- York, ) 
Secretary's Office. ) 

I have compared the preceding with an original law on file in this 



56 

office, and do certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom, and 
of the whole of said originaL Arch'd Campbell, 

Dep. Secretary of State. 
Albany, March 11, 1852. 



APPENDIX B. 

Custom House, New- York, ) 

Collector's Office, May 24, 1852. j" 

Sir : — In reply to your letter of the 2 1 st inst., requesting information as 
to the facilities to be afforded by the Government to the Director of the 
Association for the Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, I 
have the honor to state, that I have no objection to grant the privilege 
of making the building to be erected by the Association a " Bonded 
Warehouse," according to the provisions of the law, and the instruc- 
tions of the Treasury Department. 

This will enable your Association to import articles free of duty, on 
the usual bond being given, and the warehouse being placed under the 
superintendence of an officer of the Customs. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. Maxwell, Collector. 
Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., ) 
53 Broadway. J 



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Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process 
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date: Dec. 2003 



